why was henry vii called the winter king why was henry vii called the winter king

He is credited with many administrative, economic and diplomatic initiatives. Henry VII was king of England from 1485 to 1509. Author Thomas Penn takes an extraordinary journey into the dark and chilling world of the first Tudor King, Henry VII. With the English economy heavily invested in wool production, Henry VII became involved in the alum trade in 1486. They did as much to endanger his throne as to secure it. At any rate, the Wars of the Roses had ended with a victory by which the winner took all, and regardless of his somewhat dubious Plantagenet ancestry. The Field of Cloth of Gold: Royal Revelry. What did the people of England think of Henry VIII? - eNotes.com Castles of . Thomas More hailed the end of "slavery" and the return of "liberty", "the end of sadness, the beginning of joy". Henry VII ruled as Machiavelli, just after his reign, was to advise usurpers to do through fear rather than love. Accordingly, he arranged a papal dispensation from Pope Julius II for Prince Henry to marry his brother's widow Catherine, a relationship that would have otherwise precluded marriage in the Church. [19] He marched toward England accompanied by his uncle Jasper and John de Vere, 13th Earl of Oxford. While most of us are familiar with Henry VIII and Elizabeth I and we probably have a sense of the Wars of the Roses in England, but how many of us are familiar with Henry VII. His legacy was his son, Henry VIII, lucky old England Penn commented. His history plays depicted the dramatic conflicts of the wars of the roses, which Henry's accession after his victory at Bosworth in 1485 brought to an end. Warbeck was finally captured in 1497 and executed. I thought the way he controled the nobility was fascinating - keeping them in check as well a raising vast sums of money at the same time. The last few years of his reign were ones of repression. But, his enemies didnt agree. Thomas Mores coronation poem for Henry VIII contrasted the new Kings reign with the dark days of the past. The future Henry VIII, in contrast,. However, such a level of paranoia persisted that anyone (John de la Pole, Earl of Lincoln, for example)[27] with blood ties to the Plantagenets was suspected of coveting the throne. Henry VIII | Biography, Wives, Religion, Death, & Facts The author does a good job drawing on his sources and bringing the characters to life while staying true to the history, but the subject matter is just not inherently as sexy as Henry VIIIs or Elizabeth Is reigns. In 1501, England had been ravaged for decades by conspiracy, coups . Backdating Henry's Reign. Henry spared Richard's nephew and designated heir, John de la Pole, Earl of Lincoln, and made the Yorkist heiress Margaret Plantagenet Countess of Salisbury suo jure. (HIST003) Persecutions, Populations and Politics: Early Modern Britain 1550-1750, (HIST004) Country, Colonies and Culture: Early Modern Britain 1550-1750, (HIST006) The Stuart Court: History Politics and Culture, (HIST010) The Tudors: History, Culture and Religion, (HIST011) The English Country House: History, Architecture and Landscape, (HIST018) The Changing English Countryside, 20th Century Musicals: A Celebration of Song and Dance on the Silver Screen and the Stage. What are the differences between Henry VII and Henry VIII? These laws were used shrewdly in levying fines upon those that he perceived as threats. Claiming to be Edward, earl of Warwick, the son of Richard IIIs elder brother, George, duke of Clarence, he had the formidable support of John de la Pole, earl of Lincoln, Richard IIIs heir designate, of many Irish chieftains, and of 2,000 German mercenaries paid for by Margaret of Burgundy. A King from upstart usurper to renaissance monarch to Machiavellian schemer. [41] Henry also increased wealth by acquiring land through the act of resumption of 1486 which had been delayed as he focused on defence of the Church, his person and his realm. Henry Tudor, named after his father, Henry VII, was born by Elizabeth of York June 28, 1491 in Greenwich Palace. Celebrating the release of The Colour of Bone A London Charnel House. MP3 CD. [21], Henry devised a plan to seize the throne by engaging Richard quickly because Richard had reinforcements in Nottingham and Leicester. [52] He also concluded the Treaty of Perpetual Peace with Scotland (the first treaty between England and Scotland for almost two centuries), which betrothed his daughter Margaret Tudor to King James IV of Scotland. The Treaty of Redon was signed in February 1489 between Henry and representatives of Brittany. [70] Henry VII falls among the minority of British monarchs that never had any known mistresses, and for the times, it is very unusual that he did not remarry: his son Henry was the only male heir left after the death of his wife, thus the death of Arthur created a precarious political position for the House of Tudor. [15], By 1483, Henry's mother was actively promoting him as an alternative to Richard III, despite her being married to Lord Stanley, a Yorkist. The father's government was an exercise in discoloration. [a] Henry's mother, Margaret Beaufort, was a descendant of the Lancastrian branch of the House of Plantagenet. [81], Henry VII and Elizabeth had seven children:[b]. BBC Two - Henry VII: The Winter King, Backdating Henry's Reign Henry VII is known for successfully ending the War of the Roses between the houses of Lancaster and York and for founding the Tudor dynasty. There he found more English fugitives, willing to invade England in support of Henry, and bearing news that Richard III had serious plans to marry the princess Elizabeth himself. Hidden under the floor in St George's Chapel in Windsor, England where thousands of people walk every day, a forgotten tomb lies. His spies and informers were everywhere. In 1485 Henry landed at Milford Haven in Wales and advanced toward London. Penn notes something else about the paeans on the son's accession: later in the Tudor period, apologists for the regime would remember Henry VII as the restorer of national peace and unity, but in 1509 it was the king's death, not his rule, that was held to have ended a long era of dark instability. [43] According to the contemporary historian Polydore Vergil, simple "greed" underscored the means by which royal control was over-asserted in Henry's final years. No. [54], Henry VII was much enriched by trading alum, which was used in the wool and cloth trades as a chemical fixative for dyeing fabrics. After obtaining the dispensation, Henry had second thoughts about the marriage of his son and Catherine. Next month find out more on someone known as The Winter Queen! In response to this threat within his own household, the King instituted more rigid security for access to his person. Henry responded to this threat by embedding spies into households. The reigns of his three predecessors were interrupted or foreshortened. He explained how Henry VII had achieved what he set out to do, he had passed on the crown successfully. But he leaves us wondering how Henry got away with it. His first chance came in 1483 when his aid was sought to rally Lancastrians in support of the rebellion of Henry Stafford, duke of Buckingham, but that revolt was defeated before Henry could land in England. He rewrote history by backdating his reign to 21st August 1485, the day before the Battle of Bosworth Field. (We certainly can, and do, decide what sort of king Henry was based on what he had his government get up to, however.). Fittingly he dressed in expensive black. With Elizabeth's death, the possibilities for such family indulgences greatly diminished. The 17 year-old Prince Henry became King Henry VIII and started a different era. Iain Hollingshead reviews Henry VII: Winter King, a BBC Two documentary which examines how the first Tudor monarch came to power and went on to have a 23-year reign. Its inhabitant was once one of England's most exuberant kings, yet his resting place was only re-discovered in 1813. Both were survivors and as united in death as in life, as their tomb in Westminster Abbey illustrates. Gaunt's nephew Richard II legitimised Gaunt's children by Swynford by Letters Patent in 1397. Since he was the second son, and not expected to become king, we know little of his childhood until the death of his older brother Arthur, Prince of Wales. [47], Henry VII's policy was to maintain peace and to create economic prosperity. I found this really interesting, but Im a history nut. For many he remained a usurper, a false king. Henry VII - History Learning Site Wolf Hall this is not. By 1600 historians emphasised Henry's wisdom in drawing lessons in statecraft from other monarchs. And yet this time removed was summer's time, The teeming autumn, big with rich increase, Bearing the wanton burden of the prime, Like widow'd wombs after their lords . He became paranoid and made the decision that if his people couldnt love him then they should fear him. There are an awful lot of books written about the Tudor era, both fiction and non-fiction, so you have to ask whether this book adds anything new. [50] Henry had pressured the French by laying siege to Boulogne in October 1492. Henry VIII had become heir to the throne when his elder brother, Arthur, died in 1502. [75], Henry VII died of tuberculosis at Richmond Palace on 21 April 1509 and was buried in the chapel he commissioned in Westminster Abbey next to his wife, Elizabeth. Only through the deaths of more obvious claimants, and after the accession of Richard III in 1483, when Henry was 26, did he become a leading candidate. It was presented by historian Thomas Penn, author of Winter King and was an excellent examination of the King who, as Penn pointed out, tend to be eclipsed by Richard III, the glamour and notoriety of Henry VIII and the charisma of Elizabeth I. Not only was . Penn explained that the marriage had been one of genuine love and that Henry was shattered by his wifes death. The fact that a Cockney could provide a recognisable representation of him gives away part of his enduring appeal; in national memory, Henry was one of the lads, the only English king to have. Penn then went on to talk about the heir to the throne, the young Prince Henry, who seemed very different to the King. These bonds were enforced by the Council Learned in the Law, a council of legal advisers who were only answerable to the King. [53] Later on, Henry had exchanged letters with Pope Julius II in 1507, in which he encouraged him to establish peace among Christian realms, and to organise an expedition against the Turks of the Ottoman Empire. Henry responded to this threat by embedding spies into households. For me, history is alive and energizing - not something static and remote. Why was Henry VII called the Winter King? He had brought the country to the brink of dynastic ambition, but not quite, so his closest advisers kept his death secret until St Georges Day, the annual meeting of the Order of the Garter. Amateur historians Bertram Fields and Sir Clements Markham have claimed that he may have been involved in the murder of the Princes in the Tower, as the repeal of Titulus Regius gave the Princes a stronger claim to the throne than his own. Watch Henry VII: The Winter King | Prime Video - amazon.com We know that Henry attended the wedding celebrations of Arthur and his bride . He was the first monarch of the House of Tudor.[a]. The rest, as we say, is history; Richard III was defeated at the Battle of Bosworth and Henry Tudor had arrived out of nowhere and avenged the death of the little princes in the tower, although there is some debate as to who was actually responsible for their murder. I really enjoyed it. He spent his entire reign fixated on eliminating or disarming his enemies, and stabilizing England after the bloody, seemingly endless War of the Roses. His claim to the throne was tenuous and permanently contested. (ROYAL HISTORY) Directors Stuart Elliott Genres Documentary, International Subtitles English [CC] Audio languages English. Yorkist malcontents had strength in the north of England and in Ireland and had a powerful ally in Richard IIIs sister Margaret, dowager duchess of Burgundy. Edward would have liked to rid himself of Henry, a rival to his throne, but Francis kept Henry safe. Files Welcome Pack of 5 goodies, 28 January 1457 Birth of Henry VII at Pembroke Castle, 30 October 1485 Coronation of Henry VII, Henry VIIIs Enforcer: The Rise and Fall of Thomas Cromwell A Review and Rundown, Henry VII: Winter King A Review and Rundown, 31 May 1533 The Coronation Procession of Queen Anne Boleyn, Why I think Henry VIII was ultimately responsible for Anne Boleyns downfall, 4 March 1522 Anne Boleyn plays Perseverance, The Boleyns of Hever Castle now 99p on Kindle on Amazon UK, YouTube Live 4 March 2023 The Fascinating Background of Henry VIII. Stanley was accused of supporting Warbeck's cause, arrested and later executed. I couldn't even stay awake reading this. While there, he feigned stomach cramps and delayed his departure long enough to miss the tides. But that's not really what I wanted from a book about Henry VII. Here was a young man who enjoyed jousting, who enjoyed chatting with the other knights in the tiltyard and with people of low degree. My obsession is European history from the 12th through 17th centuries - especially British history - so of course, when I was offered the chance to review this book, my interest was piqued immediately. [2] His father died three months before his birth. [77][78] His mother died two months later on 29 June 1509. Until the death of his wife, the evidence is clear from these accounting books that Henry was a more doting father and husband than was widely known and there is evidence that his outwardly austere personality belied a devotion to his family. To be notified of special offers, news, new courses, and new tutors, please subscribe to our newsletter. Together, they had seven children. Loyalty was ensured, and the nobility was effectively neuteredand Henry became the richest monarch in Europe. Winter King: Henry VII and the Dawn of Tudor England The rebels were defeated (June 1487) in a hard-fought battle at Stoke (East Stoke, near Newark in Nottinghamshire), where the doubtful loyalty of some of the royal troops was reminiscent of Richard IIIs difficulties at Bosworth. Henry VII: Winter King (TV Movie 2013) - IMDb When Henry VII became king, the royal exchequer was effectively bankrupt. Two themes of his book preside: the permanent vulnerability of Henry's regime, and his ruthless methods of rule. Fittingly he dressed in expensive black. Supported at one time or another by France, by Maximilian I of Austria, regent of the Netherlands (Holy Roman emperor from 1493), by James IV of Scotland, and by powerful men in both Ireland and England, Perkin three times invaded England before he was captured at Beaulieu in Hampshire in 1497. Henry VII: The Winter King (95) 59min 2013 PG. His host was Francis, the Duke of Brittany, who saw Henry Tudor as a pawn in the game between Edward VI and the King of France. Stanleys betrayal led to a complete security overhaul and his privy chamber going into lockdown. After his victory at Bosworth Field, Henry married Edward IVs daughter Elizabeth of York. His history plays depicted the dramatic conflicts of the wars of the roses, which Henry's accession after his victory at Bosworth in 1485 brought to an end. If you are new the era, this wouldn't the first book I would pick up because it does flip flop around a bit in the beginning-but if you want to understand the players that ultimately have a significant impact on Henry VIII, this is the book for you. This entire review has been hidden because of spoilers. They were also in charge of various administrative duties, such as the checking of weights and measures. He created the sovereign coin to spread the message that he was King. Wales was historically a Lancastrian stronghold, and Henry owed the support he gathered to his Welsh birth and ancestry, being agnatically descended from Rhys ap Gruffydd. I have to admit to being a history geek. He married his brother's widow, Catherine of Aragon. He was the only child of Lady Margaret Beaufort and Edmund Tudor, 1st Earl of Richmond. The devastated King became so ill that he was close to death, but then he recovered and Penn explains that when he took control once more, he was remorseless. [citation needed] John Cabot, originally from Genoa and Venice, had heard that ships from Bristol had discovered uncharted new found territory far west of Ireland. [63] Despite this, Henry was keen to constrain their power and influence, applying the same principles to the justices of the peace as he did to the nobility: a similar system of bonds and recognisances to that which applied to both the gentry and the nobles who tried to exert their elevated influence over these local officials. Omissions? For instance, except for the first few months of the reign, the Baron Dynham and the Earl of Surrey were the only Lord High Treasurers throughout his reign. Why is Henry VIII's Tomb So Small When His Life Was So Very Opulent? Some of it is due to his personality--he played his cards close to the vest, unlike his son--and some of it is due to Tudor spin--they were, after all trying to bolster up the royal credentials for a man who didn't have that many. For other uses, see, Henry holding a rose and wearing the collar of the, Law enforcement and justices of the peace, the 1486 rebellion of the Stafford brothers, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Cultural depictions of Henry VII of England, "Tudor Pembroke | Ymddiriedolaeth Harri Tudur | Henry Tudor Trust", "BBC Wales History Themes Pembroke The Main Street", "Westminster Abbey website: Coronations, Henry VII and Elizabeth of York", "Calendar of State Papers, Spain: Supplement To Volumes 1 and 2, Queen Katherine; Intended Marriage of King Henry VII To Queen Juana", "Domestic and foreign policy of Henry VII", "Queen Margaret's Arch | York Civic Trust", "Margaret Beaufort, Countess of Richmond", The Reign of Henry VII. He entertained thoughts of remarriage to renew the alliance with Spain Joanna, Dowager Queen of Naples (a niece of Queen Isabella of Castile), Queen Joanna of Castile, and Margaret, Dowager Duchess of Savoy (sister-in-law of Joanna of Castile), were all considered. [36] However, he spared Warwick's elder sister Margaret, who survived until 1541 when she was executed by Henry VIII. The father's government was an exercise in discoloration. Henry started a new policy to recover Guyenne and other lost Plantagenet claims in France. France, Burgundy, the Holy Roman Empire, Spain and the Hanseatic League all rejected the treaty, which was never in force. [13] When the Yorkist Edward IV regained the throne in 1471, Henry fled with other Lancastrians to Brittany. Sometimes when reading nonfiction of this type, I never know if it is going to be dry and dull or not. It is not known precisely where Cabot landed, but he was eventually rewarded with a pension from the king; it is presumed that Cabot perished at sea after a later unsuccessful expedition. From his victory over Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth, to his secret death and the succession of his son Henry VIII, the film reveals the ruthless tactics . February 7 Sir Francis Bryan loses an eye and Henry VIII has a new love, An interview with historical novelist Sandra Byrd, Henry VIII and His Six Wives event open for registration. [68] In 1505 he was sufficiently interested in a potential marriage to Joanna of Naples that he sent ambassadors to Naples to report on the 27-year-old Joanna's physical suitability. One of their sons was Edmund, Henry's father. [14] In November 1476, Francis fell ill and his principal advisers were more amenable to negotiating with King Edward. [20] He amassed an army of about 5,0006,000 soldiers. As his mother was only 14 when he was born and soon married again, Henry was brought up by his uncle Jasper Tudor, earl of Pembroke. At Rennes Cathedral on Christmas Day 1483, Henry pledged to marry Elizabeth of York, the eldest daughter of Edward IV. There's a lot of cloak-and-dagger stuff here, something Henry and certain of his counselors seemed especially skilled at, and it was those parts that I particularly enjoyed. Stanley placed Richards circlet on Henrys head, he was now King. That was to prevent the King of France capturing him and letting him loose on the English as a rival. Get help and learn more about the design. Martin Luther 95 thesis. [76] He was succeeded by his second son, Henry VIII (reigned 150947), who would initiate the Protestant Reformation in England. How did a precariously enthroned ruler, lacking a police force or a standing army, manage to run roughshod over the law? [citation needed] [4] Owen is said to have secretly married the widow of Henry V, Catherine of Valois. The Winter King is also the title of a book by Thomas Penn, and a useful read. [39] Despite this, during his reign he became a fiscally prudent monarch who restored the fortunes of an effectively bankrupt exchequer. Henry VII was succeeded by his second son, Henry VIII. The nobility was forced into bonds, legal agreements that they would act as the King wanted or be fined. I was disappointed by this it was decent but I think it was somewhat overhyped. Sonnet XCVII - Massachusetts Institute of Technology How like a winter hath my absence been From thee, the pleasure of the fleeting year! This is why he named the book the "Winter King". [7] He came from an old, established Anglesey family that claimed descent from Cadwaladr, in legend, the last ancient British king,[8] and on occasion Henry displayed the red dragon of Cadwaladr. Henry VIII Books Exploring the Best Books on Englands Most Infamous King, 18 February 1516 The birth of Queen Mary I, daughter of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon. By the way, dont forget that Ian Mortimers Time Travellers Guide to Elizabethan England is on tonight on BBC2 at 9pm. If you missed the programme then here is the YouTube video for you enjoy! Reading this, I got a much better understanding of where Henry VIII came from, and why he was destined to be the colorful ruler he became, as an antidote to his own father. He had gone from a refugee landing on an isolated beach in Wales to being a great king. To say the least, Winter King: Henry VII and the Dawn of Tudor England is quite an interesting read. Henry VII, grown rich from Morton's Fork and other squeezes, was far from a bumpkin trying to break into the royal circles of western Europe--he was being courted, and he knew very well to play Castile (Hapsburg) and Aragon off against one another after Isabella died (and Catherine might very well have been packed off home to marry someone else, it was common). So Henry was a valuable bargaining tool, whose fate always depended on what relations were between England and France, always tainted by the recent Hundred Years War, and how Brittany sought to ward off threats to its own independence. He likens the beginning of Henry VIII's reign to a metaphorical spring, a second coming of sorts because Henry VIII seemed to be the opposite of his father. He spent most of the next 14 years under the protection of Francis II, Duke of Brittany. Penn pointed out that for over half a century no king had passed on the crown without turmoil and Henry knew that what had happened to Richard could happen to him. Inadvertently, he provoked a revolution. [citation needed], Henry honoured his pledge of December 1483 to marry Elizabeth of York and the wedding took place in 1486 at Westminster Abbey. His spies and informers were everywhere. Henry's father, Edmund Tudor, 1st Earl of Richmond, a half-brother of Henry VI of England and a member of the Welsh Tudors of Penmynydd, died three months before his son Henry was born.