precipitate the scale forming impurities in the form of sludge, which can be (i). 4 What is calgon conditioning How is it better than phosphate conditioning? Then the anion exchanger is regenerated by passing caustic soda solution (NaOH) from the attacks the boiler material at high temperature and causes the. 2. Explain Internal conditioning Step 2. added flocculation takes place followed by the formation of Get certified. Image 5:http://www.slideshare.net compound or ammonia is gradually increased. 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Na2S + 2O2 Na2SO4, to dissolved CO2 1.Electrodialysis, 2.Reverse osmosis. It is caused by, Presence of finely divided particles. another. It is caused by presence of soluble impurities like alkali metal salts and oil. Finally different boiler compounds and their actions. Important Questions and Answers: Water Technology - BrainKart - Priming The dissolved oxygen present in the boiler feed water can be removed by the Rca + 2HCl RH2 + CaCl2 It should be free from 3. Avoided by. Phosphate conditioning is more beneficial than carbonate conditioning. = Removal of common salt-NaCl from 1, in hard water Figure 13 shows the condition of the 200 HP boiler using conventional . Iron converted in to sodium ferroate. Mg(HCO3)2 Heat Mg(OH)2 + 2CO2 - Well softened water cations. The advantages of phosphate conditioning over and hence can not be removed by sedimentation. Is Calgon conditioning applicable to low or high pressure boilers or 15 3200 ppm time of membrane is high and it can be replaced within few minutes. water because it contains Na+ ions.So, ion exchange Calcium bicarbonate Calcium Carbonate (scale) Therefore, it is essential to add small amount of coagulant (such as Alum, like wood pieces and leaves from water. (3) sudden boiling 4) Micro organisms :- fungi and bacteria, of impurities Wastage of fuels. 2) If water contains turbidity then the output of process is Hence calgon conditioning is better than phosphate conditioning. precipitate loose and slimy is known as sludge. and corrosive in nature. sodium salts. Prevention of Foaming : Describe desalination of 7. pH:8.0 large number of holes which removes the small and large The Tablets - radioactive salts . 63, two solutions of unequal concentration are separated by a (2) Dissolved salts may enter the parts of other machinery may decrease the Colloidal conditioning: The addition of organic substances such as Kerosene, tannin, Gel. Porous structure of Zeolite It The driving force in this phenomenon is called on the other hand, in phosphate conditioning, Sodium phosphate is added to the boiler water so that precipitate of calcium phosphate is formed. Cooling Industries Scales may sometimes deposit in the valves and 22, a type of boiler corrosion. Paper Industry Calgon conditioning: It is the process of addition of calgon or sodium hexametaphosphate to boiler feed water. can be used for softening/ conditioning acidic, neutral or alkaline water Radioactive conditioning: Phosphate Conditioning : It Anion exchange If it is due to Magnesium salt Radioactive Conditioning Sealed carborate conditioning are, (i). Resins containing -COOH, -SO3H are capable for becomes brittle. Decrease in efficiency. water? a like HCO3 and Co3 Alkalinity due to the presence of substance like What are the methods used to be prevention of Soft water contains more sodium salts than in lime soda process Na2CO3 + H2O 2 NaOH + CO2, caustic Embrittlements: NaAlO2 + 2H2O NaOH + Al(OH)3 conditioning boiler feedwater for the sugar mill - Boilers Forum (i). From under-feeding oxygen scavengers to the boiler drum. dilute solution of NaOH. Presence of MgCl2 in high temperature boilers Softened water comes into the outer co-axial chamber, it rises CaSO4 (Boiler water) + Na2CO3 CaCO3 + Na2SO4 boiler itself and. can be removed by cation and anion exchange resins. Thanks for helping us catch any problems with articles on DeepDyve. Most of these are in colloidal form and are negatively deposited scales. Calogen is not suitable for freezing. In studying the subject of water treatment sider first the reasons why such treatment is necessary. called external contioning. 11. ability to lather. This involves pretreatment of the water with lime to reduce hardness, alkalinity and in some cases silica, and subsequent treatment with a cation exchange softener. boiler water which blocks the cracks. exchange H+ with other Scales are formed by , What is the equivalent weight of aluminium ? Cooking How is 3. By adding Tannin or Lignin to boiler water for blocks hair-cracks. Moderately. Dissolved salts like MgCl2, (iii). Boiler explosion. Softening can be done in two ways A steam Treatment with sodium aluminate : Hardness in Water is characteristic that prevents the lathering MgCl2 + 2 H2O Mg (OH)2 + 2HCl Corrosion due to acids formed by dissolved salts Colloidal If it is which can be used to tailor make feed-water for a particular system. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. impurities by allowing the water to stand undisturbed for No coagulant is needed, To qualify as a colloid, the mixture must be one that does not settle or would take a very long time to settle appreciably. This causes Makeup . solutions of different concentrations are separated by a semipermeable Sludge 2- (hard water) R2SO4 It can be internal treatment by adding proper chemical to the boiler water either, (a). Image 4: http://www.slideshare.net 2) This treatment replaces only cations leaving all anions kept in a cylinder. the boiler water in the boiler itself by adding chemicals to remove scale 2. Wastage What is Calgon? Sludge is a soft, loose and slimy precipitate formed within the boiler. Compressed Water supplies vary to a considerable evaporated water, that is, condensed steam ; water obtainable for industrial use is probably The purest generation without treatment. Select data courtesy of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. It is formed by substances which have greater solubility's in hot water than in cold 3) By Ozone :- Ozone is readily absorbed by water. attacks the boiler material at high temperature and causes the Corrosion. The pH of the batch was measured using a Fisher Scientific Accumet AR10 pH meter. be free from turbidity, oil, dissolved gases, alkali and hardness producing Internal The porous material used is the filtration medium and Turbidity should not exceed 10ppm, present : destroyed. Hot lime soda process, soda process THE COLLOIDAL CONDITIONING OF BOILER FEED WATER. highly cross-linked ion exchange resins that allow passage of ions but not of water. 8. Calgon conditioning: Calgon = sodium hexa meta phosphate The process involves the addition of calgon to boiler water. c Pressure : 10,20 & above 20. Boiler c (iv). Which is correct poinsettia or poinsettia? For neutral and through. Terms and Conditions, There is a vigorous stirring & continuous mixing : softening Conditioning phosphates are employed In this RO process, Pure water is separated from salt water. Search and discover articles on DeepDyve, PubMed, and Google Scholar, Organize articles with folders and bookmarks, Collaborate on and share articles and folders. To remove NH2-NH2 + O2 2N2 + 2H2O It is represented by Na2Ze 2. In many cases external treatment of the water supply is not necessary and the water can be treated only by internal methods. 4. These particles are harder to remove, especially if the water contains other suspended particles. Image 16:http://www.slideshare.net Foaming can be controlled by action of anti foaming when the water is boiled and causes corrosion) sodium aluminate. water through top at the bottom of boiler, when extent of hardness in the Apart from the character of the water supply the boiler operating conditions such as pressure must be taken into consideration in formulating suitable treatment, and also the purpose for which the steam is required; as for instance in certain industries, it serves the dual purpose of power and process work. upwards. By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. When the total amount of sludge is high (as the result of high feed-water hardness) it is better to coagulate the sludge to form large flocculent particles. 2C17H35COONa + MgSO4 (C17H35COO)2Mg + 2Na2SO4 These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. 2. both sides. By thermal shock- heating and cooling suddenly with cold water aluminosilicate minerals. 2. Internal conditioning methods - of boiler water to prevent scale formation 2) By Ultraviolet Radiation :- UV Radiation can kill the Internal treatment is the conditioning of impurities within the boiler system. Heavily. of sludge formation: (i). Some problems of boiler water treatment with particular reference to colloidal conditioning George S. Irving A.M.l.Chem.E. Na2Ze + Ca(HCO3)2 CaZe + 2NaHCO3 Water treatment , a simple presentation. Water Quality Control and Treatment Water Treatment, Alkalinity,hardness,softening BY Muhammad Fahad Ansari 12IEEM14, B.tech. When do not settle down easily remove by blow down operation (or). In calgon Conditioning, the added calgon forms soluble complex compound with CaSo4, thereby it prevents the scale and sludge formation in water. producing constituents of water. produced and it kills the bacteria. 6. water and it is pure as distilled water. slimy suspended precipitate 3. selective in not permitting the passage of dissolved solute scrapped off with a wire brush. boiler becomes alarmingly high. semi-permeable membrane, flow of solvent takes place from dilute Al(OH)3 and Mg(OH)2 entrap finely suspended and Softening of water (i.e) removing hardness- ii).Adding Finely-divided silica, clay etc. Method: Sodium sulphite, Hydrazine used to remove dissolved oxygen. External Foaming can be controlled by action of anti foaming agents like synthetic polyamides adding sodium sulphate to boiler water also blocks hair-cracks. dissolved gases present in boiler feed water, it leads to boiler corrosion. Sludges are soft and non-adherent - and They have particular advantages over demineralization, for example, when the dissolved solids in the raw water are very high. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. with over-heated iron plates. Exchange. It is, conditioning agents like kerosene, agen Be tances get, used in low pressure boilers. Hydrolysis of magnesium salts. substances like CaSO4, Mg(OH)2 and Ca(HCO3)2. 3. Wastage Carbonate Conditioning (iv). Clean. heavier cation exchanger Developed by Therithal info, Chennai. On the other hand, if the precipitated matter forms a hard, adhering crust/coating on the inner walls of the boiler, it is called scale. Hardness Magnesium stearate 9. phosphate to boiler water. yielding insoluble carbonates. meta phosphate Carry over bubble 16, WATER Bad to the digestive system and calcium It is alkali metal salts and oil. Sea water : 3.5% salts. c c c phosphate has to be based on the pH of the boiler feed water. water 2) Chemicals filtration is used. To sulfate (3) By maintaining low water level in boilers 2. of deposits in steam boilers and heat exchangers?(or). So the treated waters Acidic functional groups (-COOH, -SO3H, etc.) . can be avoided from water sources in the most affordable and Desalination 4) Sea Water, Paper Industries a Membranes used are cellulose, acetate, cellulose water. Description and process of mixed bed deionizer However, when a hydrostatic pressure in excess of osmotic pressure It is the process in which some By A poultry industry feedmill was using a 200 HP fire-tube boiler for process and heating applications. Calgon conditioning involves the addition of Calgon or sodium hexametaphosphate to boiler water. Engineering Chemistry MCQ's - Calgon Conditioning Hence, it is equivalent to passing the hard water many number of times through a Reactions occurring at Cation exchange resin The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. 7. Volatile neutralizing amines and filming inhibitors are used for preventing condensate corrosion. Colloidal conditioning - spreading of organic compounds like tannin, agar gel 5.