c. heat energy e. conservative resource, Overuse of groundwater in coastal areas would most likely result in which of the following? is the transfer of heat through direct contact between the surface and the atmosphere. e. sediments from erosion of agricultural fields, The consumption of mosquitoes by bats and the control of flooding provided by tropical forests in mountainous areas of Central America are examples of Which of the choices below are NOT true? TOPEX/Poseidon and Jason provide a new tool to enlighten these topics by offering more than 10 years of continuous altimetric series. e. subduction zones, Generalized pyramid energy flow has only a 10% efficiency, while 90% of the energy is lost to the environment as heat. Each of these characteristics of ocean water, salinity and temperature,areimportant for the role of oceans in Earth's climate system. The total contents of nine heavy metals ranged from 134.0 g/g to 357.8 g/g, with Cr as the most . how to unhide mouse cursor windows 10; Surface currents are created by three . d. strip mining in a national park or national forest Country Population (in millions) Land Area (in millions of hectares) By tracking ocean surface salinity we can directly monitor variations in the water cycle: land runoff, sea ice freezing and melting, and . e. Small isolated islands provide opportunities for a greater diversity of species. e. clay, Which of the following is true of carbon as it cycles in nature? Fungi secreting enzymes into a fallen tree are able to cycle the nutrients from the tree back to the soil. surface oceanic circulation results most directly in the; surface oceanic circulation results most directly in the. C d. compete with native species for the same resources For instance, during the winter months at mid-latitudes winter storms mix the surface water more than in the summer, creating a deeper mixed layer. AAAS is a partner of HINARI, AGORA, OARE, CHORUS, CLOCKSS, CrossRef and COUNTER. The carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere is reduced by cutting trees c. adaptive radiation These waters move around the ocean basins by density driven forces and gravity. b. efforts are being made to manage and protect island biodiversity One notable exception was the Gulf Stream, which is likely slowing for an unrelated reason: As Arctic ice melts, it dilutes the sinking, salty water in the North Atlantic that pulls the current northward. A process known as thermohaline circulation, or the ocean conveyor belt, drives these deep, underwater currents. b. Exosphere 6 & 9 a. aquifer e. are specialists that die out fairly easily, Eutrophication processes that have taken place in the Gulf of Mexico and other marine locations appear to be due to b. carbon in wastewater from fracking operations Ocean circulation plays a key role in distributing solar energy and maintaining climate by moving heat from Earths equator to the poles. d. Soil A Ocean currents are similar to winds in the atmosphere in that they transfer significant amounts of heat from Earth's equatorial areas to the poles and thus play important roles in . b. sedimentary e. Uneven heating of the Earth's surface, Plants require phosphorous to form which compound? e. A, The temperature of the lower troposphere can be influenced by atmospheric gases that include: Oceans cover 71% of the globe, storing and transferring heat energy around the world. Less saline water is found where there is more precipitation or river input. a. During an ENSO event, which of the following best describes conditions in the eastern part of the tropical Pacific Ocean (e.g., near Peru and Ecuador)? This process is known as upwelling. It occurs along the coasts, as well as in the open ocean. In other words, salty water has more materials in the water than freshwater which makes it more dense than freshwater. \end{array}\right], \quad G=\left[\begin{array}{rr} Ocean circulation is such an important process in the Earth system because currents transport heat, oxygen, nutrients, and living organisms. Surface currents involve large masses of water moving horizontally on the surface. Though shallow, they are extremely important in determining the world's . Scientists have found new evidence that the Atlantic Ocean's circulation has slowed by about 15 percent since the middle of the last century. e. Sulfur and carbon cycles, Which of the following world regions contain the greatest area of rain forest? Marine heavy metal pollution has been an important global environmental issue in recent years. Surface currents, also called horizontal currents, are primarily the result of wind pushing on the surface of the water, and the direction and extent of their movement is determined by the distribution of continents. e. grazing sheep in a private park, Which soil indicated on the soil triangle above would most likely have the highest water-holding capacity? d. differences in water density due to temperature and salinity a. carbon dioxide, water, and energy b. convection currents www.opendialoguemediations.com. Ocean water moves in predictable ways along the ocean surface. What this means is that the density stays constant since the distance between the molecules remains unchanged. b. runoff from farm land a. extinction of species is a natural process, and the process is always faster on islands d. warm temperatures, acid precipitation, and occasional wildfires We, therefore, investigated spatial and temporal variations in oceanographic conditions and their biological effects on the continental shelf . e. potential energy, The temperature of the lower troposphere can be influenced by atmospheric gases that include: Increase in stream flow e. Stratosphere, According to the climate graphs below all of the following are true EXCEPT: Cold winds blowing over the oceans chill the waters beneath them. The image below shows the characteristic surface currents of the ocean. And given that the speedup is driven by the steady drumbeat of warming, it means these trends are likely to continue in the futureas long as human emissions of greenhouse gases continue. Fig. The water feature which would be measured using a secchi disc or turbidity tube. a. the location of the continents that ultimately determines the direction and flow of ocean currents Which best illustrates point-source pollution? The greatest amount of fresh water is found in which of the following? a. renewable resource Change 5, 475-480 . a. leaching of organic nutrients from topsoil horizon and removal of humus using sustainable agricultural practices e. Methane, A modern day example of the "tragedy of the commons" would be Giving government subsidies for flood plain development e. low, but the individual producers found there are huge in size, Which of the following biome sequences would appear at a similar latitude but with decreasing precipitation b. evaporation d. runoff from forests and undeveloped land a. Mesosphere c. melting the dose-response relationship is linear When scientists discover the existence of an emerging infectious disease such as SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome), they must take immediate steps to determine the cause of the disease and the method of transmission. e. weathering and erosion, "Edge effects" are a particular problem when e. could have algae blooms occur in the fall, A connected loop of shallow and deep ocean currents transports warm and cool water to various parts of the Earth. c. transform In fact, it is the densest ocean water on Earth! Other observable results of short-term plate movement include the gradual widening of the Great Rift lakes in eastern Africa and the rising of the Himalayan Mountain range. Wind produces both waves and currents. Hover over the icons for brief explanations; click on the icons to learn more about each topic. 3 & 7 d. All of the above e. the law of conservation of matter, Open oceans produce the largest share of Earth's biomass because the net primary productivity (NPP) of the oceans is c. torrential rain and flooding in Peru This is an interesting study with a provocative finding, says Sarah Gille, a physical oceanographer at Scripps. c. Drip irrigation systems The new findings also suggests that in much of the ocean, lower waters, some 400 meters or so down, would slow as warm upper waters take up more and more of the movement, Xie says. a. one of the primary causes of desertification if present in excess e. Land being set aside for the burial of pollutants to allow the environment to naturally deal with existing pollutants, The limiting factors in the tropical rainforest are all of the following EXCEPT a. a. magma surface oceanic circulation results most directly in the. b. A 1.0m1.0 \mathrm{~m}1.0m solution of K2SO4\mathrm{K}_2 \mathrm{SO}_4K2SO4 in water has a freezing point of 4.3C-4.3^{\circ} \mathrm{C}4.3C. These waters make up about 10% of all the water in the ocean. a. engage in mutualistic relationships with native species Because they have fewer available niches, small isolated islands are targeted and colonized by species. This cold, salty water near the poles (primarily in the North Atlantic and near Antarctica) sinks and spreads along the bottom and eventually rises back towards the surface of the ocean. Wind-driven surface currents (such as the Gulf Stream . c. The carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere is reduced by cutting trees The surface ocean circulation is mainly driven by the winds. The movement of the world's major ocean gyres helps drive the " ocean conveyor belt .". e. ecosystems are geographically long and thin and there is an overabundance of edges, Tectonic plates move slowly across the asthenosphere on These cold patches are what remains of the subsurface "engine" of the La Nina, now starting to turn off slowly as warmer waters move in. Which of the following is true about the region of Earth's atmosphere known as the stratosphere? Scientists do not completely understand the thermohaline flow of water, but they are monitoring the melting sea and land ice into the North Atlantic Ocean; an influx of freshwater causes a disruption to the deep ocean circulation. Surface Currents -- Surface Circulation. b. some intraspecies; greater c. It limits the root depths of tundra species a31 road closure alton; cdw insurance for rental cars; hygro cotton bath towels; Hello world! Gyres are circular currents that typically appear towards the western side of each ocean basin. You would expect the surface currents to flow across the Earth's surface in a straight path, but they do not. b. any solution has both advantages and disadvantages Ocean water is constantly evaporating, increasing the temperature and humidity of the surrounding air to form rain and storms that are then carried by trade winds. d. It underlies the United States High Plains and is being depleted by overuse. Tracking Monthly Salinity Changes in Our Ocean, Data Collections: Earth System Data Explorer, Locating Data & Imagery for Student Investigations, Opening Datasets from MND Data Visualization Tool in Excel, Guide to Using NASA Worldview in the Classroom, Using NASA Earth Observations (NEO) in 10 Easy Steps, Instructional Strategies for the Earth Science Classroom. d. subsidence The top few meters of the ocean store as much heat as Earth's entire atmosphere. Country D 10 30 a. Sulfur and nitrogen cycles a. producer Climate and ecosystems everywhere on Earth, even those far from the ocean, are affected by the ocean circulation. d. It is found in both alpine and arctic tundra d. Mesosphere Density differences are the key to why ocean waters move. b. subduction zone The researchers increased either winds, saltiness, or surface temperatures, while holding all other variables steady. Surface currents occur within the mixing zone. The Earth system model below includes some of the ways that human activities affect, or are affected by, ocean circulation. e. a layer sometimes found in a soil horizon that is created by elevation, Island biogeography theory, developed by E.O. b. compaction and cementation Atmospheric circulation transports heat over the surface of the Earth that affects the water cycle, including the formation of clouds and precipitation events. They contribute to the balance within an ecosystem Since 86% of global evaporation and 78% of global precipitation occur over the ocean, ocean surface salinity is the key variable for understanding how fresh water input and output affects ocean dynamics. At what wavelength is the radiation emitted by the human body at its maximum? This type of ocean circulation is called thermohaline circulation (therme=heat, halos=salt) because the vertical movement is caused by differences in temperature and salinity (the amount of salt in water). Natural selection selects for individuals that compete less. a. transpiration Paul Voosen is a staff writer who covers Earth and planetary science. Ocean circulation is an essential part of How the Earth System Works. e. desert, When logging is carried out in a watershed, a likely effect on the local streams is -1 & 3 \\ Environmental Protection Agency. a. In oceanography, a gyre (/ d ar /) is any large system of circulating ocean currents, particularly those involved with large wind movements. a. Transform Predation is similar to ________ in that both types of relationship benefit one of the interacting species while harming the other. A particular country has a Total Fertility Rate equal to replacement level fertility and emigration equal to immigration. Some . Click the image on the left to open the Understanding Global Change Infographic. b. Convection b. This loop results from But a new modeling study fingers another culprit: the oceans own tendency to warm from top to bottom, leading to constricted surface layers where water flows faster, like blood in clogged arteries. b. For example, the Gulf Stream in the Atlantic Ocean brings heat from near the equator to Europe, making it much warmer than other areas at similar latitudes. With our present atmosphere, Earth's mean surface temperature is approximately +15C. b. pesticides from agricultural fields There are two main driving forces for ocean currents; surface wind and the (horizontal) gradients in temperature and salinity. e. Exosphere, Primary productivity is highest in which of the following ecosystems? a. amplitude which best describe chlorofluorocarbons (cfcs), volcanic eruptions release them into the atmosphere , they were targeted for banning in 1987 as a part of the Montreal Protocol, which of the following best describes the mechanism of the greenhouse effect in the earth's atmosphere, infrared radiation from the earth's surface is absorbed by gases in the atmosphere, which of the following greenhouse gases does not exist naturally, increasing the amount of greenhouse gases in the troposphere will reduce heat radiated back to space in the form of, which of the following energy sources is a chief contributor to greenhouse gas emissions as well as increasing environmental mobility of mercury, which of the following molecules is not considered a greenhouse gas, which best describe the impact of atmospheric carbon dioxide and stratospheric aerosols, both carbon dioxide and aerosols contribute to global warming, Anthropogenic water vapor does not contribute significantly to global warming because, water vapor has a short residence time in the atmosphere, Terrestial biomes vary in net primary productivity due to, the suns radiation provides the energy for, plant growth, ocean currents, hurricanes, and plate tectonics, phytoplankton are most abundant in the upper few hundred feet of most bodies of water because, sunlight does not penetrate to great depths in water.
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