doi:10.1016/j.msec.2017.03.166, Pazarceviren, A. E., Tezcaner, A., and Evis, Z. Web[1] Carrageenans contain 1540% ester - sulfate content, which makes them anionic polysaccharides. doi:10.1021/am4057826, Liu, Y., Enggist, L., Kuffer, A. F., Buser, D., and Hunziker, E. B. n = 3 from 3 independent experiments. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0214580.g002. n = 9 from 3 independent experiments. (B) Pore size. Three microbial biosensors were taken on the first day and their potentiometric responses were measured against the determination of 50 ppm -carrageenan in 20 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.5), and the rest of the biosensors were evaluated intermittently over the experimental period of 60 days towards the same -carrageenan concentration at 50 ppm in 20 mM phosphate buffer at pH 7.5. ALP activity in MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts was enhanced by -carrageenan at day 3 (0.5, 1, and 2mg/ml) and day 7 (1 and 2mg/ml), with 2mg/ml showing the strongest effect (Figures 7A,B). We showed, for the first time, that -carrageenan can be co-precipitated with an OCP coating on the surface of titanium discs. (D) Quantitive colorimetric results of ALP staining at day 3. Double (2) and triple (4) degenerate bending modes were observed at 427cm1 and 605cm1. Higher buffer capacities at 20 mM PBS and above were found to give higher correlation coefficient values, whereby the regression lines fit the data well in a linear pattern. Sulphated plant polysaccharide. This gives them the ability to form a variety of different gels at room temperature. Biotechnol. The molar Ca/P ratio of CaP deposited onto titanium has been reported to vary between 1.31 and 2.05, being in the range of apatitic CaP (Nourmohammadi et al., 2017). We found that -carrageenan did not affect the Ca/P ratio, chemical composition, or hydrophilicity of the OCP coating. After treatment with hot alkali solution (e.g., 58% potassium hydroxide), the cellulose is removed from the carrageenan by centrifugation and filtration. 55, 8188. Total yield by alkali treatments gave higher yields (33%) compared with aqueous treatments (12%). Cloudflare is currently unable to resolve your requested domain (uk.vwr.com). 25 Articles, This article is part of the Research Topic, https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2022.1011853, https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2022.1011853/full#supplementary-material. Silk fibroin/kappa-carrageenan composite scaffolds with enhanced biomimetic mineralization for bone regeneration applications. Biomimetic octacalcium phosphate (OCP) coating can be used as a carrier for osteoinductive agents. BMP2 and polymers have been incorporated in CaP coating to improve the biological activity and osteoinductivity of CaP-coated implants (Fini et al., 2002; Lin et al., 2020). This might indicate that -carrageenan in the OCP coating provides more sites for osteoblast recruitment, which might lead to enhanced bone formation, which would be beneficial for osseointegration. Discs were assayed in triplicate. Cell-seeded discs were incubated for 8h in 5% CO2 in air at 37C to allow cell attachment. We found that -carrageenan at all concentrations tested did affect the morphology of OCP-coated titanium discs by changing the more straight sheet-like structure of CaP into a more curved sheet-like structure. (2014). Response time of the biosensor was assessed for 60 min towards the detection of 50 ppm -carrageenan in 20 mM phosphate buffer at pH 7.5. With label materials designed specifically for harsh environments in labs or industrial applications. Southeast Asia Disaster Prevention Research Initiative (SEADPRI-UKM), LESTARI, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia, Roles A combination of chemical analysis approaches are usually needed involving gas liquid chromatography (GLC), spectrofluorometry, UV-Vis spectrophotometry and gel electrophoresis supplemented with HPLC or NMR in order to accurately determine the carrageenan type. Ca, P-rich layer formed on high-strength bioactive glass-ceramic A-W. J. Biomed. 16, 643654. Antibacterial and osteogenic functionalization of titanium with silicon/copper-doped high-energy shot peening-assisted micro-arc oxidation technique. Integrating focal adhesion dynamics, cytoskeleton remodeling, and actin motor activity for predicting cell migration on 3D curved surfaces of the extracellular matrix. doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2016.09.234, Fini, M., Giavaresi, G., Aldini, N. N., Torricelli, P., Botter, R., Beruto, D., et al. -Carrageenan has already been shown to have chondrogenic, soft tissue, and osteogenic regenerative potential (Nourmohammadi et al., 2017; Gonzalez Ocampo et al., 2019; Mokhtari et al., 2019). The amount of total protein was determined using a BCA Protein Assay Reagent kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific), and the absorbance was read at 540nm with a microplate reader (Synergy). This makes differentiation between different types of carrageenans not possible [1315]. (2004). Effect of 2mg/ml -carrageenan in OCP-coating of titanium discs on paxillin expression and distribution of MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts at 1h. (A) Cells stained for DAPI/phalloidin (blue/red) and paxillin (green). Effect of increasing -carrageenan concentration in OCP-coating of titanium discs on BSA release from OCP-coating up to day 7. broad scope, and wide readership a perfect fit for your research every time. To assess cell metabolic activity, MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts were seeded on OCP-coated titanium discs without/with -carrageenan at 1105 cells/disc in 48-well plates (Greiner), and cultured up to 7 days. A novel BMP2-coprecipitated, layer-by-layer assembled biomimetic calcium phosphate particle: A biodegradable and highly efficient osteoinducer. Values are mean SD. 10, 85018511. The sensitivities of the biosensor are not significantly different from pHs 7 to 8 statistically from each other. Cell adhesion, spreading, and metabolic activity are directly correlated with osseointegration and implant success (Zamani et al., 2018). These natural polymers are also used as bioactive interphases to enhance rapid, robust, and functional osseointegration between bone and implants (Caillol, 2020). Implant Dent. They can be mainly categorized into three different classes based on Bar: 5mm. doi:10.1089/ten.teb.2020.0384, Moghaddaszadeh, A., Seddiqi, H., Najmoddin, N., Abbasi Ravasjani, S., and Klein-Nulend, J. Natl. doi:10.1089/ten.tec.2009.0588, Zamani, Y., Mohammadi, J., Amoabediny, G., Visscher, D. O., Helder, M. N., Zandieh-Doulabi, B., et al. J. (2017). At day 7, -carrageenan (2mg/ml) increased ALP protein by 1.49-fold (Figures 7E,F). WebMenampilkan 298 produk untuk "caragenan" (1 - 60 dari 298) Urutkan: Paling Sesuai Ad Terlaris Carrageenan/karagen/karagenan pengenyal Rp227.000 Grosir Jakarta Utara Indo food chem 4.9 Terjual 3 rb+ Ad Karagenan / Kappa Carrageenan / Pengenyal Premium KRI-02 - 500 gram Rp73.900 Cashback 2% Surabaya CV. Moreover, we have shown earlier that exogenously added -carrageenan promotes migration, adhesion, spreading, and osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts in vitro (Cao et al., 2021). Carbohydr. To determine the hydrophilicity of OCP coatings without/with -carrageenan, the static water contact angle was measured. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0214580.t005. Quickly find the specific antibody you need from VWR's broad portfolio We are here to help you improve efficiencies and outcomes in your laboratory. [32], As of 2018, carrageenan was deemed non-toxic under certain consumption levels (75mg/kg bw per day), although further research was recommended, mainly focused on the fate of carrageenan during and after digestion, and on any subsequent metabolites.[4][33]. The selectivity of the P. carrageenovorabased biosensor towards -carrageenan was conducted based on SSM method by IUPAC, whereby the potentiometric responses of the microbial biosensor towards -carrageenan, -carrageenan and -carrageenan were evaluated separately in the concentration range of 1100 ppm.
3D Bioprinting of Novel κ-Carrageenan Bioinks: An Algae Mat. 138, 1448114487. Applications Products Services Support. Healthc. All the products you love, in one complete portfolio. Significant effect of -carrageenan, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01. The E. cottonii variety has been reclassified as Kappaphycus cottonii by Maxwell Doty (1988), thereby introducing the genus Kappaphycus, on the basis of the phycocolloids produced (namely kappa carrageenan). Optimizing the amount of bacterial cell immobilized on the H+ ion-selective acrylic membrane electrode surface was carried out in order to obtain maximum potentiometric response of the -carrageenan biosensor. Bar: 15m. (2008). The membrane has the hydrogen ionophore I immobilized therein by gel entrapment technique on a screen-printed Ag/AgCl electrode (SPE). In this study, -carrageenan did affect Mepe gene expression at 14days, but not at 21days, suggesting that -carrageenan affects Mepe expression only in the short term. In this study, we successfully incorporated -carrageenan in the OCP coating on a titanium surface using a biomimetic co-precipitation technique. Based on the results tabulated in Table 2, when the pH of the measurement cell is too high or too low, the sensitivity of the biosensor deviated substantially from the ideal Nernstian value (59 mV per decade) due to degradation of enzyme protein in both highly acidic and basic solutions. Mineral formation in the larval zebrafish tail bone occurs via an acidic disordered calcium phosphate phase. School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia, The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article/Supplementary Material, further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding authors. We found that -carrageenan in the OCP coating increased Runx2 mRNA expression, which might be due to the effect of ascorbic acid and -glycerophosphate in the osteogenic medium taken up by pre-osteoblasts after seeding on OCP coating containing -carrageenan at 21days. LSHM19016, BB). n = 3 from 3 independent experiments. The immobilized cell activity profile in different PBS concentrations at pH 7.0 is illustrated in Table 1. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0214580.t001. 24, 331343.
Kappa 115.71.239.220 Carrageenans or carrageenins (/krinnz/ KARR--GHEE-nnz; from Irish carraign'little rock') are a family of natural linear sulfated polysaccharides that are extracted from red edible seaweeds. Characterization and in vitro evaluation of biphasic calcium pyrophosphate-tricalciumphosphate radio frequency magnetron sputter coatings. We found that -carrageenan enhanced expression of these osteogenic genes at 21days. These findings indicate that -carrageenan-functionalization of OCP-coated titanium surface results in implant osteoinductivity, thereby improving osseointegration. Screen-printed Ag/AgCl SPE was supplied by Scrint Technology (M) Sdn. To compare product details, select up to 3 alternatives below and click Compare Selected. All rights reserved. The largest detection range of 0.2100 ppm -carrageenan at pH 7.5 implies an optimum metabolic activity of the immobilized cells at this pH. (2021). Mat. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Eng. Precursors for the plasticizer-free H+ ion-selective acrylic membrane was composed of n-butyl acrylate monomer (nBA, Merck), 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone (DMPP, Fluka), 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate (HDDP, Sigma), sodium tetrakis[3,5-bis (trifluro-triethyl)phenyl]borate (NaTFPB, Fluka) and hydrogen ionophore I (Sigma). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. These results indicate successful incorporation of -carrageenan in the OCP coating on a titanium surface using a biomimetic co-precipitation technique. A., Osorio, M. M., Tapia, J. C., Antonelli, M., Stein, G. S., et al. There the seaweed is ground, sifted to remove impurities such as sand, and washed thoroughly. Weve built our reputation on consistent, comprehensive mastery of day-to-day operations, allowing lab, clinical, and production environments to focus their high-value resources on core scientific priorities.
1,000C) as needed for other types of CaP coating, e.g. Biomed. (1). approximately 5 orders of magnitude wider than the previously reported potentiometric titration methods [11, 45] and chronopotentiometric stripping method [46] for quantitation of -carrageenan. New membranes were developed by chemically modifying -carrageenan via phosphorylation to produce O-methylene phosphonic -carrageenan (OMPC), which showed enhanced membrane conductivity. 76C-0327) St. Louis, MO, USA Stauffer Chemical Co. Dobbs Ferry, NY, USA (Experimental Sample B) Stauffer Chemical Co. Dobbs Ferry, (F) Quantitive colorimetric results of ALP staining at day 7. We found that -carrageenan in the OCP coating increased pre-osteoblast spreading, proliferation, and metabolic activity, as well as ALP activity, matrix mineralization, and osteogenic gene expression suggesting that -carrageenan-functionalized OCP coating might improve osseointegration of titanium dental or orthopaedic implants. (B) Quantification of fluorescence intensity on the surface of OCP-coating. Cells were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde for 15min, followed by rinsing with deionized water. n = 3 from 3 independent experiments. undefined. Mat. All carrageenans are high-molecular-weight polysaccharides and mainly made up of alternating 3-linked b-D-galactopyranose (G-units) and 4-linked a-D-galactopyranose (D-units) or 4-linked 3,6-anhydro-a-D-galactopyranose (DA-units), forming the disaccharide repeating unit of carrageenans.[9]. This can be explained by the fact that the enzymatic activity of the bacterial cell was increasing for the production of a higher amount of enzymes responsible for hydrolysis of -carrageenan followed by catalytic desulfation reaction to produce the proton. Further dilution of the carrageenan solutions were made with 20 mM phosphate buffer saline (PBS) at pH 7.0, which was prepared from the mixture of 20 mM Na2HPO4 (Hamburg Chemical) and NaH2PO4 (Fluka) solutions. This is because a higher concentration of buffer can stabilize the pH change of reaction medium as the system involves proton-releasing enzymatic reaction. TABLE 1. Mater. doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.03.039, Barrre, F., Layrolle, P., Van Blitterswijk, C. A., and De Groot, K. (2001). PLOS ONE promises fair, rigorous peer review, (C) BSA release profile. P. carrageenovora is generally found in connection with marine eukaryotes hosts, and their biological activities are important in the marine ecosystem. Raman spectroscopy of OCP-coated titanium discs without/with -carrageenan was performed to show the chemical composition of OCP, whereby the internal phosphate (PO43) modes were taken into consideration (Akiva et al., 2016). Values of target gene expression were normalized for PBGD gene expression. For instance, the genus Gigartina produces mainly kappa carrageenans during its gametophytic stage, and lambda carrageenans during its sporophytic stage. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Cell. Bar: 5m. Their main application is in dairy and meat products, due to their strong binding to food proteins. FIGURE 8. for carrageenan was developed in the Philippines. (B) Presto-blue cell metabolic activity. -Carrageenan has been used widely in the food industry to gel, thicken, and stabilize food products for decades, and its safety has been recognized based on a large database of animal studies (Geonzon et al., 2019). Ask for larger pack sizes or bulk quantities that are not available in this page by using the customization request form. Yes WebCAS: 11114-20-8 MDL: MFCD00151514 EINECS: 234-350-2 Sulphated plant polysaccharide. (B) Quantitive colorimetric results of extracellular matrix mineralization. Entrapment method of immobilization within polymeric membrane, on the other hand, is based on the localization of sensing element within a polymer matrix, which can render the resulting sensing phase sustains lower sensitivity, poor selectivity and limited stability. 3 answers Aug 3, 2022 Hello everyone, I am going to prepare either an alginate or carrageenan hydrogels for immobilization of microalgae. The biosensor response was almost constant for the first 30 days and gradually decreased thereafter until the 45th day of the experimental period with only 65% of the initial response remaining. cDNA synthesis was performed using 0.51g total RNA in 20l reaction mix consisting of 5 units Transcriptor Reverse Transcriptases (Roche Diagnostics, Basel, Switzerland), 1mM of each dNTP (Invitrogen), 0.08 A260 units random primers (Roche Diagnostics), and 1x concentrated Transcriptor Reverse Transcriptase reaction buffer (Roche Diagnostics). kappa-Carrageenan, Thermo Scientific Chemicals - Fisher Sci Is there a better biomaterial for dental implants than titanium?-a review and meta-study analysis. Expression pattern of (A) Runx2, (B) Opn, (C) Fgf2, (D) Ocn, (E) Mepe, and (F) Dmp1. You can search our application library here. -carrageenan did not affect the Ca/P ratio of the OCP coating. OCP-coated discs without/with -carrageenan were prepared by immersion of the amorphous CaP-coated discs for 48h at 37C in 50ml of a super-saturated solution of OCP containing 40mM HCl, 4mM CaCl22H2O, 136mM NaCl, and 2mM Na2HPO42H2O (pH 7.4), as well as 0, 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1, or 2mg -carrageenan/ml. 09438 (monitored by DOST-PCIEERD) and received logistic support from the USC-RDEPO and Department of Physics. Effect of -carrageenan in OCP-coating of titanium discs on the crystalline phase and surface hydrophilicity of OCP-coating. doi:10.1097/00006534-200108000-00024, Wang, L. N., Meng, Y. F., Feng, Y., Wang, H. C., Mao, L. B., Yu, S. H., et al. Thus, this is the optimum buffer pH for a good biosensor operation condition. VWR has a range of new services designed to streamline your operations, help you make cost savings and manage your laboratory effectively Carrageenans are used to suppress immune response in vivo and in vitro via mechanisms believed to involve selective cytopathic effect on macrophages. The structure of -carrageenan is similar to glycosaminoglycan (GAG), which is naturally found in human bone and cartilage. Immobilization of cells at the surface allows direct contact with the liquid phase containing the substrate, which promotes mass transfer kinetics without a diffusion barrier at the membrane surface [29]. The stability of the immobilized cells determines the service life of the biosensor for practical applications. Molecular Weight null. The most common challenge encountered with polysaccharide determination in foods by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is that they cannot determine the position of sulfate group, and this hinders the accurate structural analysis of carrageenans. However, the potentiometric signal declined when the bacterial cell was loaded above 0.6 Abs because of the densely packed cells on the pH electrode forming a barrier for diffusion of -carrageenan to the immobilized cells. -Carrageenan significantly reduced the pore size in the sheet-like CaP structure. [16] The most commonly used sources are E. cottonii (Kappaphycus alvarezii, K. striatum) and E. spinosum (Eucheuma denticulatum), which together provide about three-quarters of the world production. AC431590250 Supplier: Thermo Scientific The developed potentiometric biosensor was then used for real sample study for recovery of a known amount of standard -carrageenan spiked into fresh milk. MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts were seeded at 1104cells/well onto OCP-coated titanium discs without/with -carrageenan (2mg/ml). The Safety needles are compatible with all syringes with Luer/Luer lock (ISO 594) From most basic microscopes to sophisticated models, image recording systems and cold light sources to consumables. To add items to your basket, enter a quantity and click Add to Basket. Cells were cultured onto OCP-coated titanium discs without/with -carrageenan at 5 103cells/disc in 48-well plates (Greiner) up to 3days. Moreover, -carrageenan/silk fibroin bioactive composite scaffolds are biocompatible, and can induce precursor cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation (Nourmohammadi et al., 2017). 20 L of each dilution was spread on the surface of culture media plate using glass. The BSA release kinetics showed that the inhibition of BSA release by -carrageenan occurred especially during the first 2h of incubation, with the strongest inhibition at 2mg/ml (Figure 3C). Food Hydrocoll. 14, 015008. doi:10.1088/1748-605x/aaeb82, Zheng, Y., Wu, G., Liu, T., Liu, Y., Wismeijer, D., and Liu, Y. The hydrogel membrane was then hydrated with 0.01 M HCl solution for 15 min. A prominent advantage of using such an osteogenic agent/drug-containing CaP coating is that the biological activity of the agent/drug is preserved during coprecipitation with inorganic components at physiological temperature (37C) and pH (7.4) (Lin et al., 2020). (2022). Our portfolio is used in virtually every stage of the most important research, development and production activities in the industries we serve. *Correspondence: Janak L. Pathak, j.pathak@gzhmu.edu.cn; Jenneke Klein-Nulend, j.kleinnulend@acta.nl, Bioactive Agents for Functionalization of Biomaterials for Precise Tissue Engineering, Front. Biomimetic coating of organic polymers with a protein-functionalized layer of calcium phosphate: The surface properties of the carrier influence neither the coating characteristics nor the incorporation mechanism or release kinetics of the protein. Bar: 10m. In the current study, we functionalized the OCP coating on the surface of titanium discs by coprecipitation with -carrageenan. Mat. The selectivity and specificity of a biosensor depends on the biological recognition system that is connected to a transducer [44]. doi:10.1111/cid.12050, Keywords: bone regeneration, -carrageenan, implant, OCP-coating, osteogenic differentiation, osteointegration, pre-osteoblast, titanium, Citation: Cao W, Jin J, Wu G, Bravenboer N, Helder MN, Schulten EAJM, Bacabac RG, Pathak JL and Klein-Nulend J (2022) Kappa-carrageenan-Functionalization of octacalcium phosphate-coated titanium Discs enhances pre-osteoblast behavior and osteogenic differentiation. doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.03.030, Nourmohammadi, J., Roshanfar, F., Farokhi, M., and Haghbin Nazarpak, M. (2017). The thin, dense layer of amorphous CaP formed served as a seeding substratum for the deposition of another more crystalline OCP layer. FIGURE 5. For determination of cell surface area, cell length, and cell width, three regions of interest (ROI), measuring 250 175m, were defined on SEM images of OCP-coated titanium discs with/without -carrageenan. n = 3 from 3 independent experiments. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-04-1072, Geonzon, L. C., Bacabac, R. G., and Matsukawa, S. (2019). Effect of 2mg/ml -carrageenan in OCP-coating of titanium discs on the spreading of MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts at 1h (A) SEM images of MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts on OCP-coating. For information visit, www.avantorsciences.com and find us on LinkedIn, Twitter and Facebook. 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CaP coating with BMP2 improves implant osteoinductivity (Vehof et al., 2001). Healthc. [4], The first industrial scale commercial cultivation of Eucheuma and Kappaphycus spp. The absorbance of the original suspsion was read against water at 600 nm, and was used as a reference reading for further bacterial concentration measurement. WebKappa Sigma carrageenan concentrations are indicated. Thus, high concentrations of BMP2 released might promote the resorption of newly formed bone almost as soon as it has been laid down. Protein release from OCP-coated discs without/with -carrageenan was determined using fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-bovine serum albumin (BSA). In the current study, the more curved OCP sheet-like structure was associated with the presence of -carrageenan in the coating, as well as with enhanced pre-osteoblast spreading and paxillin expression. Kappa Collagen-hydroxyapatite/-carrageenan (COL-HAP/-Car) composite has been shown to have similar structural characteristics with natural bone (Feng et al., 2017). Osteogenic differentiation of attached and proliferated precursor cells into osteoblasts depositing new bone on the implant surface is another key biological process required for implant osseointegration (Zamani et al., 2018). School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia, Roles Thus, compared to the sigma -carrageenan standard, the ATR-FTIR results showed that carrageenan extraction from the G. skottsbergii macroalgae Carrageenans are used to suppress immune Moreover, -Carrageenan significantly reduced the pore size in the CaP sheet-like network structure, suggesting increased density of the OCP sheets, which might facilitate pre-osteoblast adhesion and spreading onto the OCP coating. Food Hydrocoll. Avantor, a Fortune 500 company, is a leading global provider of mission-critical products and services to customers in the biopharma, healthcare, education & government, and advanced technologies & applied materials industries. No, Is the Subject Area "Enzymes" applicable to this article? Res. Ectopic bone formation in titanium mesh loaded with bone morphogenetic protein and coated with calcium phosphate. In parts of Scotland and Ireland, where it is known by a variety of local and native names, Chondrus crispus is boiled in milk and strained, before sugar and other flavourings such as vanilla, cinnamon, brandy, or whisky are added. Biotechnol. Molecules 26, 6131. doi:10.3390/molecules26206131, Chrepa, V., Austah, O., and Diogenes, A. (B) XRD spectra. 60 mL of sterilized 0.2 M Na2HPO4 and 10 mL of sterilized 0.3% FeSO4.7H2O were added aseptically into the growth medium, and adjusted to pH 7.2. Webon kappa-carrageenan media as on agar media. As of 2011[update], global sales of carrageenan were estimated at $640 million. The pour plat method was used as a reference method using LB broth agar serial dilutions of bacterial suspension with tenth strength prepared in HEPES buffer. Fig 4 represents the response time profile of the potentiometric -carrageenan biosensor. Commercially sourced carrageenan was obtained from Sigma Aldrich , catalogued as C1013 (Kappa carrageenan). Canine models are successfully used in all oral tissue regeneration, notably implantology studies (Uijlenbroek et al., 2022). Data are presented as mean standard deviation (SD).
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