cassandra ssl certificate rotation

Apache, Apache Cassandra, Cassandra, Apache Tomcat, Tomcat, Apache Lucene, Can this be a better way of defining subsets? You can use minikube or whatever solution you prefer (including a real cluster running on GKE, EKS, or AKS), but well include some kind instructions and scripts here to ease the way. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. -nokeys, I hope it helps. The repo referenced in this blog post contains example certificates which you can use for demo purposes but do not use these outside your local machine. Welcome to this three part blog series where we dive into the management of certificates in an Apache Cassandra cluster. KS PCs and KS PSKs may still be rotated. These files are located in a different directory to the old ones. Deployments of this encryption configuration are less common in the wild. the cqlsh client? For the PEM-based key material, you can use the built-in class PEMBasedSSLContextFactory as the ssl_context_factory setting. As a Kubernetes operator, it manages a variety of custom resources (CRs) such as (Cluster)Issuers, CertificateRequests and Certificates. In this method a single Root CA and a single keystore is deployed to all nodes in the cluster. Cassandra contemplates that this may occur. A single truststore containing the Public Certificate for each of the CAs. This post builds on a few of the concepts in Part 1 of this series, where Anthony Grasso explained the components of SSL encryption. When managing large numbers of services at scale, it helps to have an automated approach to managing certs in order to handle renewal and avoid embarrassing and avoidable downtime. when i have checked through below command, intermediate.cert is signed or verifyed by root.cert. CAs themselves use public certificates (Certificate Authority Public Certificate; CA PC) and private signing keys (the Certificate Authority Private Signing Key; CA PSK) to sign certificates in a verifiable way. Is there a place where adultery is a crime? In this blog post, we will dive into certificate management in Kubernetes. Have a question or want live help from a DataStax engineer? Got unable to load certificate in Response, with error message-. This is especially useful for on-prem deployments. We need to only restart the Cassandra service. To compound the problem, this isnt a one-off setup. These are the CA PC and CA PSK we mentioned earlier. This means that nodes will be able to communicate using either the old (current) keystore or the new keystore. Apache Solr, Apache Hadoop, Hadoop, Apache Pulsar, Pulsar, Apache Spark, Spark, Apache TinkerPop, TinkerPop, For a nodes KS PC to be trusted and verified by another node using the CA PC in the truststore, the KS PC needs to be signed by the Root CA key pair. Remember that using internode encryption means your DC needs to go offline briefly for a full restart when the CAs keys rotate. In this container, we are also adding a ~/.cassandra/cqlshrc file under the home directory. Key Vault helps streamline the certificate management process and enables you to maintain control of keys that access those certificates. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. Cassandra can encrypt both internode and client-to-server communications using SSL. Certificate management has long been a bugbear of enterprise environments, and expired certs have been the cause of countless outages. Generate a private and public key pair on each node of the cluster. user of the system. much appreciated all help and suggestions. We would use this method as it provides all the advantages of the previous method and in addition, provides the ability to isolate a node from the cluster. This applies the manifests required to run up a cass-operator installation namespaced to the cass-operator namespace. Important topics for understanding Cassandra. Cassandra's has essential security features: authentication, role-based authorization, transport encryption (JMX, client transport, cluster transport), as well as data at rest encryption (encrypting SSTables). Only Super user can create new users. Dont do this in production. The keystore, truststore and certificates will be fields within a secret called, 15 days before expiry, it will be renewed automatically by. Rotating your SSL/TLS certificate - Amazon Relational Database Service command line. Do I need to do anything with the CA file? The focus is on node-to-node communication, but client-to-node certificate rotation would be handled in a similar manner. If I made any mistakes, please let me know. KS PCs and KS PSKs may still be rotated. and last name, organizational unit, organization, city, state, country), and key We are not using authz/n in this case to keep things simple. Deploy the NEW truststore to all the nodes in the cluster. Certificate management has long been a bugbear of enterprise environments, and expired certs have been the cause of countless outages. Apache Cassandra 4.1 introduces a pluggable configuration for customizing the SSL context for TLS encryption. When you run openssl to sign an exported Keystore PC, this is the command that is run. In our case the trusted third party is the Certificate Authority (CA); often referred to as the Root CA. We are not using authz/n in this case to keep things simple. Setting up SSL encryption for the various connections to Cassandra is only half the story. This is only if you have 'require_client_auth' set to true. 2023 DataStax Java Driver - SSL Option 2: Enable HTTPS with your own certificate. The strategy I employ is to have Apache Cassandra nodes communicate through a site to site VPN tunnel. Not bad. There are multiple solutions to this problem. Cassandra: how to setup client-to-node encryption? I have included this script in the root of the code examples repo that accompanies this blog. In asymmetric encryption and digital signing processes we always have public/private key pairs. Arguably the most popular and well documented method for rolling out SSL encryption is. We are referring to these as the Keystore Private Signing Key (KS PSK) and Keystore Public Certificate (KS PC). As luck would have it, from version .15, cert-manager also allows you to create JKS truststores and keystores directly from the Certificate CR. Certs signed by a CA. When a CA signs a certificate, this is a way for that mutually trusted party to attest that the party holding that certificate is who they say they are. It will install into the cert-manager namespace because a Kubernetes cluster should only ever have a single cert-manager operator installed. Improve your security with strong SSL certificates and make sure you rotate them often. Hosts (nodes or clients) can determine whether they should trust other hosts in cluster. Today well be using a CA Issuer because our components need to trust each other, but dont need to be trusted by a web browser. We wont discuss this in depth here, see the cert-manager documentation for more information. This allows nodes to communicate regardless of whether they have the OLD or NEW keystore. I left out things like JCE files and proper cassandra.yaml config. The keystore contains a key pair which is made up of the following two components. For both encryption types we need to specify (1) the keystore location, (2) the truststore location and (3) the passwords for the keystores. encryption in a development environment. This will lead to at least data inconsistencies or, in the worst case, unavailable data. Depending on your threat model, this approach can be better than no encryption at all. Update the certificate's attributes by using Azure PowerShell. How to connect to Cassandra with NodeJS using SSL? Like all other software out in the wild, there are ongoing maintenance to ensure the SSL encrypted connections continue to work. These caveats present challenges, but there are also specific cases where they matter less. The Root CA is effectively just a key pair; similar to an SSH key pair. While the above might seem like a complex procedure, weve just created a Cassandra cluster with both client-server and internode encryption enabled, all of the required certs, and a Reaper deployment which is configured to connect using the correct certs. The commands run in this container are not ideal. Data on nodes can become out of sync with other nodes due to transient network failures, node restarts and the general wear and tear incurred by a server operating 24/7 for several years. New accounts can be created with the 'Cassandra' account. 07.06.2022 Roll out the cass-operator and the CassandraDatacenter using kubectl apply -k manifests/cass-operator. We assume that youre running Kubernetes 1.21, and well be running with a Cassandra 3.11.10 install. We would use this method as it provides better security over the previous method. It will ensure that a bad actor with access to only the network will no longer be able to eavesdrop on traffic. node1 - update truststore path to point to new truststore in cassandra.yaml, node2 - update truststore path to point to NEW truststore in cassandra.yaml, node3 - update truststore path to point to NEW truststore in cassandra.yaml. But, youll need to script this up yourself to suit your Kubernetes environment. Unique keystore for each node all of which have been signed by the CA. Regardless of the deployment method chosen, the whole setup will depend on the security of the Root CA. We covered this process in previous posts: Hardening Cassandra Step by Step - Part 1 Inter-Node Encryption and Hardening Cassandra Step by Step - Part 2 Hostname Verification for Internode Encryption. Im Principal DevOps at Digitalis working with many customers managing and advising on Kubernetes, Kafka, Cassandra, Elasticsearch and other cool technologies. Thanks for contributing an answer to Stack Overflow! Before we jump into how we handle expiring certificates and stores in a cluster, we first need to understand the role a certificate plays in securing a connection. For large cluster deployments this encryption configuration is cumbersome and will result in a large truststore being generated. A certificate is just a public key and some additional fields which has been signed by a certificate authority (CA). Mine is to use HashiCorp Vault as a CA and consul-templates for the rotation. We are looking to see that all nodes are up and in a normal state. This has a format of, We are specifying that we would like a keystore created with the, We provide a name for the cluster - the DC would join other DCs if they already exist in the k8s cluster and we configured the. Maybe it helps others :), Cassandra SSL with own Certificate Authority, docs.oracle.com/cd/E19509-01/820-3503/ggezu/index.html, Building a safer community: Announcing our new Code of Conduct, Balancing a PhD program with a startup career (Ep. The clusterCA.pem? Public keys can always be openly published and allow senders to communicate to the holder of the matching private key. Do I need to put my password?! In Germany, does an academia position after Phd has an age limit? Find centralized, trusted content and collaborate around the technologies you use most. This process requires the replication factor and consistency level to configured to allow for a single node to be down for a short period of time in the cluster. Encrypting Cassandra with SSL - DataStax Lets start with the Cassandra-Certificate.yaml resource: The first part of the spec here tells us a few things: Outside the certificates themselves, there are additional settings controlling how they are issued and what format this happens in: The Reaper-Certificate.yaml is similar in structure, but has a different DNS name. If you dont use a GUI, you can run kubectl get pods -n cass-operator to find your Reaper pod (which well call REAPER_PODNAME) and then run kubectl logs -n cass-operator REAPER_PODNAME to pull the logs. 2 min read Cassandra SSL certificates rotation Introduction Security is one of the most important considerations when running any database. To use SSL encryption for client-to-node encryption or node-to-node encryption, SSL certificates must be generated using keytool.If you generate the certificates for one type of encryption, you do not need to generate them again for the other; the same certificates are used . This point is specifically called out towards the end of the Inter-Node Encryption blog post. Well apply this manifest to the cluster in the next step. Our nodes are once again up and in a normal state, so we can proceed to update the certificates on node3. Dive into the truststore-keystore directory and youll find the Issuer, it is very simple so we wont reproduce it here. Overview Azure Key Vault safeguards cryptographic keys and secrets, such as certificates or passwords. The method that offers the strongest security of the three can be rolled out in following way. In this case we have used the service address of the Cassandra datacenter which we are about to create via the operator. It is not a networking issue, because a connection without --ssl option leads to io.netty.handler.ssl.NotSslRecordException: not an SSL/TLS record. If this is the only layer applied, it leaves other areas of a system insecure. How can I shave a sheet of plywood into a wedge shim? Code works in Python IDE but not in QGIS Python editor. Unique keystore for each node that has been signed by the CA specific to the node. Create the NEW encryption assets; NEW CA, NEW keystores, and NEW truststore, using the process described earlier. We hope to report progress on this front in the coming months. In this case the Cassandra service will fail to connect to the cluster on restart and SSL expiry error will appear in the logs. In particular, the fact that we are sleeping for 840 seconds to wait for Cassandra to start is sloppy. Instead what you want to do is create a Certificate Authority. Anthony has already discussed several points about certificates. The truststore stores one or more CA PCs of the parties which the node has chosen to trust, since they are the source of trust for the cluster. There are two aspects to that: client-to-node encryption, where the traffic is encrypted, and the client verifies the identity of the Cassandra nodes it connects to;; optionally, client certificate authentication, where Cassandra nodes also verify the identity of the client.
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